Introduction Communication of messagefrom one place to another has alwaysbeen an important feature of our everyday life. Earlier, communication was done by beating of drums, by smoke signals or through pigeons. With the development of science, a necessity was felt for faster communications. Now we are relying on communication through electrical waves, which travel with velocity of light ( 3× 10^8 ms^-1) . The basic idea is to convert our primary information into electrical waveform (signals) which propagates through a channel. As the signal propagates, it becomes weaker due to resistance and some noise also creep in. The speed of communication depends upon the number of signals transmitted in one second i.e. the frequency of signals. If we want to increase the speed of communication, we shall have to compress the waveform in a certain time so that greater number of signals are transmitted in one second. This necessitates a greater band-width of the channe...
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