What is the functions of Harbariums And type of Herbariums ?

Herbarium

Herbaria Play an important role in taxonomy. They give important information regarding plant species for classification of plants. These are source of taxonomic research.

IMPORTANT HERBARIA AND BOTANICAL GARDENS OF THE WORLD

Important Herbaria :

                The art of Herbarium was started by an Indian taxonomist Luca Ghini(1490-1556). The concept of preserving plant specimen in dired from is 450 years old. The oldest preserved herbarium specimen is kept in Rome, collected by the naturalist Gherardo Cibo. From long past different countries all over world started collecting harbaria.

1. Maseum National d' Historica naturelle, Paris - 10,500,000

2. Royal Botanic Garden, Kew - >5,000,000

3. Komavov Botanical Institute, Leningrad - >5,000,000

4. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Geneva - 5,000,000

5. New York Botanical Garden, New York - 4,300,000

6. Harvard University, Cambridge, USA - 4,250,000

7. U.S. National Herbarium, Washington DC - 4,110,000

8. British Museum (National History), London - 4,000,000

9. Institute de Botanique, Mont Pillier - 4,000,000

10. Naturhistoriske Ri Kamuseet, Stockham - 4,000,000

11. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh -2,350,000

12. Grey Herbarium, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA - 1,485,000

13. Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Texas (1985) - 5,00,000

14. University of Minnesota, Herbarium, Venzuela - 8,30,000

15. Washington State University - Marion Owabey, Herbarium, Marion(1995) - 3,50,100

Botanical Gardens -: 

                   A botanical garden is a place where plants, especially ferns, conifers and flowering Plants are grown and displayed for the purpose of research and education. Botanical gardens that specialize in trees are sometime referred to as arboreta .

Virtual Herbarium -:

                In botany, a virtual virtual herbarium in a digitalized form. It is concerned with collection digital images of preserved plants or plant parts. It is a huge advancement in herbarium use. Virtual herbaria often are established to improve availability of specimens to a wider lover of botany. However, there are digital herbaria that are not suitable for internet access because of the high resolution of scans and resulting large file sizes. Additional information about each specimen, such as location, the such as related species and growth requirements are mentioned.

Specimen Imaging -:

                   The standard hardware used for herbarium specimen Imaging is the "Herb Scan" scanner. It is an inverted flat-bed scanner which raises the specimen upto the scanning surface. Alternatively, some herbaria employ a flat-bed book scanne or a copy stand to achieve the same effect.

          A small color chart and a ruler must be included on a herbarium sheet when it is imaged. The JSTOR Plant Science requires that the ruler bears the herbarium name and logo, and that a color cheaker chart is used for any specimens to be contributed to the Global Plants Initiative.

Uses -:

1. Virtual herbaria are established in part to increase the longevity of specimens.

2. Major herbaria participate in International loan programmes, where a researcher can request specimens to be shipped in for study. This shipping contributes to the wear and tear of specimens.

3. Digital images of the specimens can be sent electronically. These images may be sufficient substitute for the specimens themselves, the researcher can use images to"preview" the specimens, to which ones should be sent out for further study.

4. The dizidized forms of specimens save time and money through shipment.

Functions of Herbarium -: 

                     Herbaria play an important role in taxonomy. These are source of taxonomic research.

Following are the functions of herbaria.

 1. Herbaria are very much useful in all kind of taxonomic research.

2. These stored and preserved specimens serve as a fundamental resource for identification of all plants of the world.

3. Herbaria are important source of collection of biodiversity. Most estimates of global diversity today are based on herbarium collection.

4. These are utilized for quantitative baseline data on the distribution and abundance of keystone species is essential for all monitoring programme.

5. They serve as a repository of voucher specimens on which varieties of Botanical researcher are carried out.

6. These are helpful in assessment of conservation of status of a taxon.

7. Herbaria aid in assessing the diversity or variation exhibited by a species in its distributional ranges helping in population biology studies.

8. They serve as a source for search of new genetical material for improvement of cultivated stock.

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